• Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface intern

  2023-09-13

  

  Inactivation of autophagy can also impact the surface internalization of MHC I molecules, leading to increased antigen presentation. Inactivation of autophagy factors Atg5 and Atg7 in DCs causes elevation of MHC I surface levels by decreasing endocytosis due to a poor recruitment of adaptor-associat

• While it is known that circulating

  2023-09-13

  

  While it is known that circulating LDL-C levels are largely regulated by either controlling the rate of hepatic production of its triglyceride-rich precursor VLDL particle or the rate of LDLR-mediated LDL particle clearance [58], it should be noted that important differences exist between rodents an

• Human lipoxygenase exists in two forms named

  2023-09-13

  

  Human 15-lipoxygenase exists in two forms, named 15-LOX-1 (also named 12/15-LOX, 15-LO-1) and 15-LOX-2. Several reports indicate that 15-LOX-1 has a pathophysiological role in respiratory inflammatory diseases, in particular asthma. Increased activity of 15-LOX-1 is displayed in the respiratory trac

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target

  2023-09-13

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including Benzamil D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-HETE in

• Thus phosphorylation of p was

  2023-09-13

  

  Thus, phosphorylation of p38 was used to measure the intracellular potency of ASK1 inhibitors. In this assay, HEK293/AP-1luc RF 9 mg expressing human full-length ASK1 were incubated with compound for 18 h and then lysed and the level of phospho-p38 was quantified using the HTRF assay [33]. Resul

• br Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is an aggressiv

  2023-09-13

  

  Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive and malignant cancer detected in clinical practice, as it is the third key reason of tumor-related deaths worldwide, with > 800, 000 mortalities every year (Torre et al., 2015). Current treatments for HCC are surgical therapy, liver tra

• Autocrine regulations of several adipokines

  2023-09-13

  

  Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y

• The functional similarity between GPR and APLNR

  2023-09-13

  

  The functional similarity between GPR25 and APLNR, ie both can be activated by Apelin and Apela and are coupled to Gi-cAMP signaling pathway (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), strongly suggests that GPR25 signaling may play important physiological and pathological roles in vertebrates more or less similar to

• HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post translational mo

  2023-09-13

  

  HMGN proteins are subject to extensive post-translational modifications which influence both their mode of binding to Calcein acetoxymethyl ester mg and their functional activity. Like the other HMG protein families, HMGNs are substrates for many of the same enzymes that modify histone proteins (re

• The functional significance of the cap residues with regard

  2023-09-12

  

  The functional significance of the cap residues with regard to the established role of PfA-M1 in hemoglobin catabolism in the food vacuole is a key question that is difficult to address with in vitro studies. We note that three of the dipeptide substrates used in our study are found in the sequences

• br Discussion The present understanding is that patients

  2023-09-12

  

  Discussion The present understanding is that patients suffering from AD are at a higher risk for epilepsy than individuals without AD [[1], [2]]. The clinical diagnostic accuracy of AD has improved significantly during the last decades. However, most of the epidemiological studies on these two of

• Adenosine can modulate neutrophil bactericidal functions A d

  2023-09-12

  

  Adenosine can modulate neutrophil bactericidal functions. A dual regulatory effect has been reported for adenosine on phagocytosis. Indeed, the activation of A1 receptors augments this process, while the stimulation of A2A receptors was found to reduce the phagocytic activity of neutrophils [89]. In

• The AChR is composed of five homologous membrane

  2023-09-12

  

  The AChR is composed of five homologous, membrane-spanning subunits. AChRs containing two α, one β, one δ and one γ subunit (AChRγ) predominate during embryonic development and mice lacking AChRγ die at birth (Takahashi et al., 2002). After birth, the AChRγs are replaced during the first 2 postnatal

• The subdivision of HT receptors started in the s by

  2023-09-12

  

  The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)

• We next sought to determine the kinase responsible for IR

  2023-09-12

  

  We next sought to determine the kinase responsible for IR-induced phosphorylation of 53BP1. Because the sites under investigation all lie in a consensus sequence for ATM, ATR and DNA-PK, that are all activated by IR, the involvement of each of these kinases was investigated. Preincubation of 2-Metho

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