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br Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes
2021-10-25

Cell origin The ontogeny of astrocytes in vitro has been investigated in detail; Raff et al. (1983) characterised two types of astrocytes: type 1 being fibroblast-like in morphology and poorly labelled with a monoclonal antibody (AB25), whereas type 2 exhibited oligodendrocyte or neuron-like morp
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Introduction Erythrocyte membrane proteins or their ortholog
2021-10-25

Introduction Erythrocyte membrane proteins or their orthologs are found in almost all phalloidin synthesis of the body [1,2]. Because of this compositional similarity and the erythrocyte membrane's accessibility, the red blood cell membrane (RBCM) has served as a crude model for mammalian plasma m
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction High
2021-10-25

Acknowledgements Introduction High-intensity noise exposure has long been known to induce damage in the peripheral and central auditory system, often resulting in auditory pathologies such as hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis (Syka, 2002; Roberts et al., 2010). Within the inner ear, struc
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br Introduction HH GLI signaling
2021-10-25

Introduction HH-GLI signaling is one of the major pathways involved in both normal and neoplastic development [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. Inappropriate activation of this pathway has been linked to cancer, including medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, basal cell carcinoma and cancers of the lung, stomac
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In fish little information about Gpr is available We
2021-10-23

In fish, little information about Gpr84 is available. We have revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces significantly up-regulation of zebrafish , and zebrafish overexpression markedly increased the LPS-stimulated production of the cytokine []. Here we expanded on these studies to further inv
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There has been conflicting evidence on the possible receptor
2021-10-23

There has been conflicting evidence on the possible receptor mechanisms that mediate the neuro-immuno-modulatory effects of FAAH substrates. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that AEA-mediated modulation of TLR4-induced neuroinflammation may be mediated by CB1/CB2 receptor dependent (Correa e
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br Acknowledgements and disclosures This work was supported
2021-10-23

Acknowledgements and disclosures This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL-131673-01A1) and the Veterans Administration (BX-002539-01), United States. The authors have nothing to disclose concerning any conflict of interest. Introduction Adaptations are ofte
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In addition to understanding the GEF GAP cycle
2021-10-23

In addition to understanding the GEF-GAP cycle regulating Rho-family GTPases, studies have continued to address the role of the Rho-GDIs, which binds to the geranylgeranyl tail to sequester Rho-family GTPases from interacting with lipid membranes, preventing their activation. Whilst it would be temp
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Our study has some limitations
2021-10-23

Our study has some limitations. While our study provides data from a diverse multi-country setting, we did not have a sufficient sample size to investigate whether the relationship of micronutrients and PCI32765 with CD4 recovery differed by country. We relied on measurement of deficiencies based on
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eflornithine hydrochloride The PCR based analysis of TRECs i
2021-10-23

The PCR-based analysis of TRECs in general is laborious, technically challenging and comparison of results obtained in different laboratories is difficult as different normalization standards exist. Moreover the analysis is restricted to analysis of cell populations (Douek et al., 1998; Jamieson et
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a growing pan
2021-10-23

Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi
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br Methods br Results and discussion br Conclusions A
2021-10-23

Methods Results and discussion Conclusions A third example of a hexokinase using polyphosphate exclusively as a phosphoryl donor has been identified, this time in mammalian tissues. This is the first polyphosphate utilizing enzyme activity demonstrated in mammalian Spectinomycin hydrochlori
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Olanzapine has been reported to attenuate insulin secretion
2021-10-23

Olanzapine has been reported to attenuate insulin secretion, cause insulin resistance (Chintoh et al., 2008) and reduce whole body carbohydrate oxidation (Klingerman et al., 2014). However, a blunting of these effects in Gcgr−/− mice would not appear to explain the protection against olanzapine-indu
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br Discussion According to the
2021-10-23

Discussion According to the generally accepted notion which originated from the study of ATP-depleted GW3965 HCl mg the changes in Ca2+ homeostasis induced by ATP depletion and leading to the activation of the Gárdos effect are due to the inhibition of Ca2+ pumping, and the subsequent entry of Ca
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The expression and localization of Cx
2021-10-23

The expression and localization of Cx43, Cx46 and Cx50 in the anterior pituitary vary with physiological activities and with various conditions associated with both natural and pathological changes in hormone secretion. Anterior pituitary Cx43 and Cx50 levels increase and exhibit a more widespread d
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